Among retriever breeds, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever—often simply called the Toller—is unique. Compact, agile, and bursting with energy, the Toller is not only a skilled waterfowl retriever but also an affectionate, intelligent companion. Known for its vibrant red coat and expressive personality, this Canadian breed offers the perfect combination of work ethic, playfulness, and devotion.
Origins and History
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever originated in the early 19th century in the Little River District of Nova Scotia, Canada. Originally referred to as the Little River Duck Dog, this breed was developed to lure and retrieve ducks—a unique trait among retrievers.
The term “tolling” refers to a hunting technique where the dog plays along the shoreline, attracting the curiosity of waterfowl. When ducks swim closer to investigate, the hunter can take a shot. Once the game is down, the Toller retrieves it from the water, often braving cold and difficult conditions.
To create the breed, early breeders likely crossed various retrievers, spaniels, and possibly collies, carefully selecting for intelligence, retrieving drive, and the signature red coat. The breed was officially recognized by the Canadian Kennel Club in 1945 and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2003.
Physical Characteristics
Though smaller than other retriever breeds, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is no less capable. Tollers are medium-sized dogs, typically standing 17 to 21 inches at the shoulder and weighing 35 to 50 pounds.
They have a compact, muscular frame built for endurance, agility, and swimming. Their double coat is water-repellent, soft underneath, and dense with a slight wave on the back. The signature coat color ranges from golden red to coppery orange, often with white markings on the chest, feet, tail tip, or face.
Tollers have a fox-like expression, with almond-shaped eyes full of intelligence and mischief. Their thick, bushy tail is often used in tolling, wagging playfully to lure curious ducks closer.
Temperament and Personality
The Toller is known for its lively, alert, and intelligent personality. They are affectionate with their families, good with children, and typically friendly with strangers. However, they may be more reserved than other retrievers, making them excellent watchdogs.
Tollers are high-energy dogs with a strong desire to work and please. They excel in retrieving games and love playing fetch, swimming, or participating in activities that challenge both their bodies and minds. Without sufficient stimulation, they can become bored and destructive.
Their intelligence makes them quick learners, though they can sometimes be independent or mischievous. Positive reinforcement and consistent training from an early age are key. Tollers also benefit from early socialization to help them grow into confident and adaptable adult dogs.
They’re also known for a unique vocalization called the “Toller scream,” a high-pitched yelp they often emit when excited—especially during hunting or retrieving games.
Exercise and Training
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a working breed and requires daily exercise to stay happy and healthy. A bored Toller can become frustrated or develop undesirable behaviors. Ideally, they should have at least an hour of vigorous exercise each day.
Activities such as fetch, agility, obedience, flyball, hiking, and swimming are excellent outlets for their energy. Tollers also do very well in dog sports and can even be trained for search and rescue or scent work.
They respond best to positive, reward-based training methods and enjoy learning new tasks or tricks. Their eagerness to please and love of play makes training a fun experience for both dog and owner.
Grooming and Health
Tollers have a low-maintenance coat that needs weekly brushing to remove dead hair and prevent matting. During shedding seasons (spring and fall), more frequent grooming may be necessary. Regular care such as ear cleaning, nail trimming, and dental hygiene should be part of their routine.
Generally, Tollers are a healthy breed, but they can be prone to a few genetic conditions, including:
- Hip dysplasia
- Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
- Addison’s disease
- Autoimmune disorders
Responsible breeders test for these conditions, and regular veterinary checkups can help detect any issues early. With proper care, Tollers enjoy a life expectancy of 12 to 14 years.
Ideal Home
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is best suited to active individuals or families who can provide ample exercise and mental stimulation. They do well in a house with a yard and enjoy being part of daily family life.
They may not be the best fit for apartment living unless their exercise needs are met consistently. Tollers are social and prefer to be with their humans—they don’t do well if left alone for long periods.
They are good with children and other pets, especially if raised with them, and their adaptable nature makes them suitable for many types of households.
Conclusion
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a spirited, intelligent, and devoted breed that combines the best of retriever enthusiasm with unique hunting abilities. Their charm lies not only in their striking appearance but in their zest for life, playful nature, and deep bond with their family. For those who can match their energy and meet their needs, the Toller makes a rewarding and loving companion like no other.
