The American Water Spaniel (AWS) is a rare yet highly capable sporting breed developed in the United States, prized for its versatility in water and upland hunting. Though not as widely recognized as some other spaniels, this breed combines intelligence, athleticism, and an affectionate personality, making it an exceptional choice for active families and hunters alike. The term “(Imp)” typically refers to dogs imported from overseas, particularly in kennel club registries, highlighting international interest in this unique American breed.
Origins and History
The American Water Spaniel was developed in the Midwestern United States during the 19th century, primarily in Wisconsin and Minnesota, where hunters needed a dog that could retrieve game both on land and in water, especially in the region’s many lakes and rivers. The breed likely descends from a mix of Irish Water Spaniels, Curly-Coated Retrievers, and possibly Field Spaniels and Poodles.
What set the AWS apart from the beginning was its adaptability—it could work from small boats, navigate dense marshes, and handle cold water—all while being compact enough to live easily in a family home. In 1920, the breed was officially recognized and is now the state dog of Wisconsin.
Appearance
The American Water Spaniel is a medium-sized dog, standing 15 to 18 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing 25 to 45 pounds. Their muscular and compact body gives them the strength and endurance needed for working in the field or swimming long distances.
The most distinctive feature of the AWS is its curly or wavy coat, which is dense, water-resistant, and helps protect against harsh conditions. Their coat color is usually a rich liver, brown, or chocolate, sometimes with a small white patch on the chest or toes.
Other notable features include:
- Long, pendant ears covered in curls
- A broad skull with a moderate stop
- A confident, alert expression
Temperament and Personality
The American Water Spaniel is known for its cheerful, eager-to-please, and loyal temperament. These dogs form strong bonds with their families and thrive in environments where they receive attention, interaction, and a job to do.
While friendly, they can be slightly reserved with strangers, making them good watchdogs without being aggressive. Their intelligent and sensitive nature means they respond well to positive reinforcement training but may become stubborn if treated harshly.
They are also known for being vocal, using a distinct “talking” bark when excited or seeking attention, which some owners find charming and others may need to manage with training.
Exercise and Activity Level
As a sporting breed, the American Water Spaniel needs daily physical and mental stimulation. They are energetic and thrive on activities like:
- Swimming
- Fetching
- Hunting and field trials
- Agility and obedience sports
A bored AWS may become destructive or excessively vocal, so regular exercise is crucial. They are best suited for active owners who enjoy outdoor activities and can include their dog in the fun.
Trainability and Intelligence
The AWS is a smart and trainable breed, but early socialization and consistent training are essential. They enjoy learning and are quick to pick up new commands, especially when motivated by praise, play, or treats.
Because of their hunting instincts, they may have a strong prey drive, so recall training and proper containment (like fenced yards) are important. With proper guidance, AWS dogs can excel in obedience, rally, agility, dock diving, and even search-and-rescue tasks.
Grooming and Maintenance
Despite their curly coat, the American Water Spaniel is moderate in grooming needs. Their coat is naturally oily, helping repel water, but it can attract dirt and debris. Key grooming tasks include:
- Brushing twice a week to prevent matting
- Occasional trimming around ears and feet
- Regular ear cleaning, especially due to their love of water
- Bathing only when necessary, as frequent washing can strip the coat’s natural oils
Shedding is moderate, and they are not considered hypoallergenic.
Health and Lifespan
The American Water Spaniel is generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of 12 to 15 years. However, like all breeds, they can be prone to some genetic health issues, including:
- Hip dysplasia
- Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)
- Allergies and skin conditions
- Ear infections due to moisture buildup
Responsible breeders will conduct health screenings and share test results to ensure puppies come from healthy lines.
Is the American Water Spaniel Right for You?
The American Water Spaniel is a great choice for those seeking a versatile, medium-sized sporting dog with a big heart. They are especially well-suited to:
- Hunters looking for a dog that can retrieve from both water and land
- Active individuals or families who enjoy outdoor activities
- Dog sport enthusiasts interested in training and competing
- Owners who want a loyal, affectionate companion
They may not be ideal for first-time dog owners who aren’t prepared for their exercise and mental stimulation needs, but for the right person, the AWS is a devoted, intelligent, and endearing friend for life.
